Résumé traduit Translated abstract
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In several studies on how to appraise public policy effects on landscapes, the identification of markers and definition of indicators seemed to have enhanced the understanding of the policies implemented, of the networks of partners involved, and of specific economic and legal issues. These markers and indicators are essential decision-making tools. It is however necessary to wonder whether they are representative and relevant. On the one hand, trees and other plants can be analysed as elements helping to identify a landscape policy, and therefore as policy markers. From this point of view, trees and plants are an interface between the decision-makers (they symbolize a political will) and the public (who identifies the landscape policy through trees and gardens).
However, such an analysis can principally be applied at a local level, in particular urban areas. Indeed, it implies a limited number of partners and a consistent and transparent relationship between local authorities and the population. On the other hand, in order to identify the main characteristic actions dedicated to trees and gardens at a larger geographical scale (large town or region), an indicator should be defined, which would allow a systematic vision of management. Some economical and financial indicators take into account the different aspects of public policies through the way they are funded as well as all the partners who support them. Such indicators tend to enhance study applicability and allow consistent data collection, especially using countable models.
These two tools, "markers" and "indicators" seem to be complementary to one another : they match precise objectives and are adapted to different scales of analysis. The analysis of various intricate-scale examples in Languedoc Roussillon (France) prove it.
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