Résumé traduit Translated abstract
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Natural processes occurring in the Camargue (Rhône delta, southern France), such as winter flooding, summer drying, climate, salts in high concentrations in the upper soil profile, and geomorphology, have given rise to diversified Mediterranean communities. On the other hand, humans have attempted to reduce disturbance-related spatial and temporal variability by using hydraulic structures that control water fluxes (canals and dikes). Marsh water management consisted of introducing freshwater into marshes and suppressing drying periods. Such options favoured cosmopolitan and invasive species, which replaced taxa characteristic of Mediterranean marshes. Nowadays, sustainable development is a key concept and furnishes a conceptual basis for defining environmental management policies. In many cases, human intervention is needed. However, this strategy is questionable in Camargue, where biological conservation seems to be related to a decrease in management practices.
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