Le paysage : un indicateur pour l'évaluation du risque spatial de transmission de l'échinocoque alvéolaire

Français

Raoul, Francis ; Tourneux, François-Pierre ; Combes, Benoît ; Cliquet, Florence ; Giraudoux, Patrick

Université de Franche-Comté Besançon ; CNRS Besançon ; ERZ Malzeville ; AFSSA Malzeville

RISQUE SPATIAL ; ECHINOCOCCOSE ALVEOLAIRE ; PAYSAGE ; INDICATEUR BIOLOGIQUE ; EVALUATION DES RISQUES ; TRANSMISSION ; VULPES

alveolar echinococcosis ; landscape ; spatial risk ; multiscale analysis

In Europe, the life cycle of the cestode Echinococcus multilocularis (Em) mainly involves red fox (Vulpes vulpes) as the definitive host and grassland rodents (Arvicola terrestris and Microtus arvalis) as intermediate hosts. In Franche-Comté, France, epidemiological studies have shown a higher prevalence of Em in humans and foxes in mid-altitude plateau areas. Landscape composition (% of grassland >35%) at the large scale favours population outbreaks of both species of intermediate hosts. A national programme has been undertaken to map potential risk and Em distribution in foxes, based on a landscape approach. Thematic maps of the percentage of grassland were built using a pixel definition grounded on (i) a 1.5 km radius, reflecting local factors that drive the population dynamics of rodents, and (ii) a 7 km radius, reflecting large-scale factors that may constrain local factors. Diagnosis of Em was performed using fox faeces collected in the field in several areas that were selected on their high or low potential for transmission. One aim of this programme is to model the spatial risk for Em transmission.

2003

6 p.

6. Évaluation de risques pour la santé publique